“Researchers have invented a non-invasive way for thousands of nanometer-sized robots to perform tissue biopsies. Developed by Professor David Gracias at Johns Hopkins University, these starfish-shaped robots are able to enter the body, collect a minuscule tissue sample, then be extracted by a doctor. These tiny devices are made of materials that react to things like temperature, pH level, and even certain enzymes. Once this material comes into contact with its designated stimuli, it reacts and changes shape, essentially allowing the tiny robot to “grab” a small piece of tissue.”